Angora Goat Facts

The angora goat (Capra hircus aegagrus) is a domestic goat which has been deliberately bred to produce a soft, luxurious coat suitable for human textile manufacture.  Angoras were first developed in Asia Minor, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, perhaps as much as 2,500 years ago—references to the use of goat hair as a textile appear in the Hebrew Bible.   Fast Facts: Angora Goats Scientific Name: Capra hircus aegagrus (the name for all domesticated goats)Common Names: Angora goat, mohair goatBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: Height at withers: 36–48 inches  Ã‚  Weight: 70–225 poundsLifespan: 10 yearsDiet:  HerbivoreHabitat: Semi-arid pastures in Asia Minor, US (Texas), South AfricaPopulation: ca 350,000Conservation Status: Not Evaluated   Description The scientific name for Angora goats is Capra hircus aegagrus, but that name is also used to refer to most other domestic goats. All belong to the order Artiodactyle, family Bovidae, subfamily Caprinae, and genus Capra.   Angora goats are small in relation to dairy goats or sheep. Adult females stand 36 inches tall and weigh between 70–110 pounds; males stand 48 inches tall and weigh 180–225 pounds. Their main defining characteristic is long (8–10 inches at shearing) ringlets of hair which are fine, silky, lustrous, and dazzlingly white in color and contain little oil in the fleece.  That hair, known as mohair, is a coveted and expensive resource when converted to textiles and sold in sweaters and other clothing. Raw mohair is graded on the basis of fiber thickness, and the best prices to be obtained are hairs that are between 24 and 25 microns thick. Both males and females are horned unless the farmer removes them. Bucks have horns which can reach two or more feet long and have a pronounced spiral, while female horns are comparatively short, 9–10 inches long and straight or slightly spiraled.   Male angora goat in profile. Dmaroscar / Getty Images Plus Habitat and Distribution Angora goats thrive in mostly semi-arid regions with dry, hot summers and cold winters. They originated in Asia Minor and were first successfully exported to other countries beginning in the mid-19th century. Populations were established in South Africa in 1838, and the US on or near the Edwards Plateau of Texas in 1849. Other substantive populations today are managed in Argentina, Lesotho, Russia, and Australia. These goats are almost all in managed (rather than wild) populations, and they are often artificially inseminated, dehorned, and otherwise controlled. Adult angoras are sheared on a biannual basis, producing weights of up to about 10 pounds per year of long, silky fibers between 8–10 inches long. The goats are quite susceptible to cold and wet weather after they have been sheared, for periods up to 4–6 weeks. Close up of mohair on an angora goat. CookedPhotos / Getty Images Plus Diet and Behavior   Goats are browsers and grazers, and they prefer brush, tree leaves, and rough plants, reaching the lower parts of trees by standing on their hind legs. They are often pastured with sheep and cattle since each species prefers different plants. Angoras can improve pastures and reforestation areas by controlling leafy spurge and destroying a range of nuisance plants such as multiflora roses, sand burs, and Canadian thistle. Goats like to go under or through obstacles, so agricultural specialists suggest that five-wire electric fences, woven-wire, or small-mesh fencing is required to keep them penned in. While most goats are not aggressive towards humans, they can do serious or lethal damage to other goats with their horns, especially during the rutting season. Reproduction and Offspring Angora goats have two sexes, and the male is considerably larger than the female. Billies begin rutting in the fall, a behavior that initiates estrus in the females. Little is known about natural herds and group behaviors since studies have been primarily confined to managed populations. Breeding lasts between late September into December (in the northern hemisphere); gestation typically lasts between 148–150 days. Kids are born between late February through April or early May.   Angoras typically have one, two, or on rare occasions three kids, once a year, depending on herd size and management strategy. Kids are extremely delicate at birth and need protection for the first few days if the weather is cold or damp. Kids feed on mothers milk until they are weaned at about 16 weeks. Kids become sexually mature at 6–8 months, but only about half have kids of their own in the first year. Angora goats have a lifespan of about 10 years. An Angora goat (Capra hircus aegagrus) nursing a kid. Pelooyen / Getty Images Plus Conservation Status   Angora goats have not been evaluated as to conservation status, and there are at least 350,000 in different managed populations. Few are wild; the majority live in commercial herds which are grown to produce mohair. Sources Breeds of Livestock—Angora Goats. Oklahoma State University, 1999Jensen, Harriet L., George B. Holcomb, and Howard W. Kerr, Jr. Angora Goats: A Small-Scale Agriculture Alternative. Small Farm Program, University of California Davis, 1993.Jordan, R. M. Angora Goats in the Midwest. North Central Regional Extension Publication 375, 1990.  McGregor, B. A. Investigating the Angora Goat Agro-Pastoral Production System in Southern Australia. Small Ruminant Research 163 (2018): 10–14.  McGregor, B. A., and A. M. Howse. The Effects of Mid Pregnancy and Postnatal Nutrition, Birth Parity and Sex on Angora Goat Live Weight Gain, Skin Follicle Development, Mohair Physical Properties and Fleece Value. Small Ruminant Research 169 (2018): 8–18.  Shelton, Maurice. Angora Goat and Mohair Production. San Angelo, TX: Anchor Publishing, 1993.  Visser, Carina, et al. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in South African, French and Argentinian Angora Goats from Genome-Wi de Snp Data. PLOS ONE 11.5 (2016): e0154353.

Issue of Poverty in the World Essay - 1759 Words

The Irish Governments National Action Plan for Social Inclusion 2007 defines poverty as: People are living in poverty if their income and resources (material, cultural and social) are so inadequate as to preclude them from having a standard of living which is regarded as acceptable by society generally. As a result of inadequate income and other resources people may be excluded and marginalized from participating in activities which are considered the norm for other people in society. Based on this definition, we learn that people are living in poverty if they do not have enough money to do the things which are considered basic for human’s life. Some of them could be not having enough money to buy food for family, or not being able to†¦show more content†¦Finally, those who live in a disadvantaged community or in an area with few employment opportunities also increase the risk of poverty (www.causeofpoverty.htm). Poverty has a negative effect on peoples quality of li fe. It closes the opportunities opening to people, and reduces people’s abilities to participate fully in society. For example, children who grow up in poor families are more likely to leave school early, and without qualifications, have to end up unemployed; poor people usually have low paid jobs and can not afford to make ends meet for their families. More than that, poverty leads to hunger. World hunger is a terrible symptom of world poverty. According to the United Nations, about 25,000 people die every day of hunger or hunger-related causes. To World Health Organization, poverty is the primary cause of malnutrition which is a major health problem in developing countries, killing thousands children all over the world everyday. The numbers of people dying for lacking food has been rapidly increasing, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa due to the droughts, wars, rapid population growth. In addition, poverty causes the infant mortality rate much higher and life expectancy rat e much lower in low-income developing countries. Debt is considered one of the most severe problems in poor nations. During the 1970s and early 1980s, developing countries accumulated a total foreign debt exceeding $1 trillion, which they found very difficult toShow MoreRelatedDeveloping World s Issue Of Poverty1509 Words   |  7 PagesAlmost half of the world lives on less than $2.50. At least 80% of humanity lives on less than $10 a day. According to UNICEF, 22,000 children die each day due to poverty. Poverty is an ever-present issue that affects the lives of billions of people each day. There are many government subsidies that come into impoverished areas, but does money solve the issue of poverty? No, money alone cannot solve the world’s issue of poverty. In this paper, I want to discuss the role of microfinance in theRead MorePoverty Is An Issues Affecting All Parts Of The World1297 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty, indeed is an issues affecting all parts of the world. There are many people that live under very ba d conditions which can create dysfunctional families which ultimately can lead to delinquency. Studies have shown that children that come from poverty are more likely to commit in crime than those children that come from wealthier families. Studies in the Carolinas has shown that there is a reasonable link of poverty and violent crime among juveniles. From experience it is said that, â€Å"everyRead MorePoverty And Health Related Issues, World Hunger, Education, And Economic Development1646 Words   |  7 Pagesfor people to save their lives. It operates in all over the world and always takes a stand to help people. There are so many core problems addressed by this organization, but mainly they fight for women’s empowerment, health related issues, world hunger, education and economic development. According to Robert Wilton (2004) in 1991, 27% of people in Canada suffered from mental illness because they were lived in a sick society (p. 26). Poverty directly affects to the p eople health because people are havingRead MoreWorld poverty is a complex global issue that varies depending on where you live. Many Americans1900 Words   |  8 PagesWorld poverty is a complex global issue that varies depending on where you live. Many Americans take for granted shelter, food, and water. While, in third world countries these three elements are difficult to obtain for the necessities of their survival. Unless there is a cultural and behavioral change in our society regarding world poverty, poverty rates will continue to rise. Poverty is affecting thousands of people in the United States; this impact is changing the quality of life for familiesRead MorePoverty : An Effective Means Of Population Control897 Words   |  4 Pagesless fortunate and how they get there. As we learn more about the poverty-stricken, we can understand them better to aid them and break the cycle. Overwhelming amounts of people do not realize the global pandemic that poverty is today. The st atistics are heartbreaking. Over half of the children in the world live in poverty, and there are nearly 2.2 billion children in the world. Campaigns have been established to recognize poverty globally. The effectiveness of these campaigns remains relativelyRead MoreThe Growing Epidemic of World Poverty Essay529 Words   |  3 PagesPoverty is one of the biggest problems in the world today and it just keeps growing. Poverty is when you have either no money or you don’t have enough money to support yourself or your family. Poverty is one of the biggest issues in the world if not the biggest. Absolute poverty is when you don’t have clothes, food, shelter, health, and occupation. In everyplace in the world there is somebody in poverty. According to Anup Shah â€Å"Almost half the world over 3 billion people live on less than $2.50 aRead MorePoverty Is Not A Country Exclusive Issue1164 Words   |  5 Pages Poverty, what is it? Poverty cannot be defined by just one definition. Poverty is a serious worldwide issue that is affecting all of our lives in the world. In Fact,Did you know nearly half of the world’s population, more than three billion people, live on less than two dollars and fifty cents a day. Just think, If you were given that same budget could you survive? Would you be able to live the same lifestyle that you do? The answer is most likely no and this is a mind blowing statistic. StaticsRead MoreChild Labour And Child Labor1600 Words   |  7 PagesChild Labor Issues There are children that suffer through child labor daily. Child labor is the use of children in a business or industry, usually illegal. â€Å"3 billion people around the world survive on $2.50 a day or less. And 2 billion people do not hold a bank account or have access to essential financial services† (â€Å"Living in Poverty†1). Children that are normally in labor come from a poor family that’s in need of money so badly that it comes down to selling their own children or puttingRead MoreThe Causes Of Poverty839 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty is a growing issue that affects most people in the world. Some blame the poor for their situation and believe there is a way for them to get out of it. However, some are born into poor families or areas and cannot control or change their predicament. The main causes of poverty are a lack of education, natural disasters that impact country, and overpopulation. Many living in society struggle with the issue of poverty . According to The Journal of Psychology, the poverty rate in the UnitedRead MoreExtreme Poverty : Chronic Poverty Essay1613 Words   |  7 PagesExtreme Poverty Nathan Larson Northcentral Technical College â€Æ' Introduction ïÆ'Ëœ What is Extreme Poverty? What if you had a chance to save a person? Most would react quickly if given the chance to save another life especially a child’s life. In fact, it is estimated that 16,000 under the age of five die every day due to causes associated with extreme poverty. That is nearly 750 children an hour. The causes of the deaths include insufficient nutrition, lack of access to clean water, no health care

Abortion And Its Impact On Society - 1715 Words

In today’s times we have a lot of controversy involving many issues that affect our lives, and in some cases a person’s right to choose what they want, or what they think needs to be done. Many people have different opinions depending on what the issue is. Laws and bills are made to restrict certain rights of people and can change how a situation is handled. With the topic of abortion, the opinions can differ greatly, and have an impact on other peoples lives. Abortion is a topic that has become hot over the last few years. With all the differences in opinions, whether or not to let abortion is now one of the most talked about problems and very prevalent in the media as well. Abortion has been around for centuries. â€Å"The earliest know†¦show more content†¦In 2011, the House of Representatives tried to remove federal funding of Planned Parenthood, but the Democrat controlled Senate blocked the measure (studentsforlife.org). Abortions are now a lot safer th an they had been in the past and there are different options a woman seeking an abortion could choose from. There are few side effects to the â€Å"Abortion Pill†, like cramps, bleeding, clots and other ailments. The pill can also be taken up to three weeks of gestation (PlannedParenthood.org). â€Å"In clinic† abortions include aspiration (emptying the uterus by suction) and dilation and evacuation. Aspiration can be performed up to sixteen weeks from the last period and a DE (Dilation and Evacuation) can be performed later than sixteen weeks (plannedparenthood.org). All three methods are highly effective and the pill itself has a success rate of ninety-seven percent. The later the gestation period the higher the risk is for a woman to have an abortion. The cost varies based on how far along a woman is in her pregnancy and what method she chooses. Prices can range from three-hundred dollars to one thousand seven hundred dollars. The price is cheaper for an abortion wi thin the first trimester (plannedparenthood.org) and increases the longer the pregnancy lasts. Depending on what state aShow MoreRelatedAbortion : Legal Or Illegal?953 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion: Legal or Illegal? To this day, the debate on whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans. The name of this article is, â€Å"Should Abortion be Legal?† written by ProCon.org. Pro-choice and pro-life are the two opposing sides. Pro-choice is the pro-abortion group, and pro-life is the anti-abortion group. The two sides disagree about whether the rights of the woman or the fetus are more important, and they also disagree about the impacts on women’s health and on societyRead MoreSupreme Court and Womens Rights Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pageswere tired of waiting for legislative change for women’s rights. Even though women are being recognized more in society, they still face difficult issues. Sexism –especially in the workforce –is becoming a major issue, birth control pills are still not popular, and abortions are frowned upon in society. The case Roe v. Wade is about a woman with the fake name of Jane Roe who wanted an abortion but the stat e of Texas would not let her unless her life was in danger. She sued the district attorney of DallasRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal Or Illegal?939 Words   |  4 Pagestoday’s society; however, one of the more heated issues is abortion. Abortion has been around at almost every point in American history. Consequently, since the Supreme Court decision of Roe v. Wade there have been approximately 57,762,169 abortions in America (â€Å"Are You†). This raises the question of should abortion be legal or illegal, and is this immoral or moral to do? The decision to have an abortion can be a difficult time in a woman’s life, but is not a moral way to end a pregnancy. Abortion inRead MoreAbortion Essay1060 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion is one of the most controversial subjects that has been continually argued over for many years all over the world that poses the questions death or life. Abortion discusses one’s interaction where ethics, emotions, medical, and l aw come into place. According to the Webster Dictionary abortion is the loss of the fetus or unborn child before it can live outside the womb. The killing a human life is a contradiction to the norms of society, from a biblical point of view, one will believe thatRead MoreGive Life A Chance For The Good Lord s Will871 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen killed that would’ve made a dramatic impact on society? The answer is thousands. Their entire future is destroyed. Without abortion many valuable lives could be saved. Norma McCovery, also known as Jane Roe, is the woman behind the Roe vs Wade case. This act was passed in 1973, and it gives women the right to have an abortion. When Norma was 25 she wished to get an abortion, but couldn’t so she took it to court. Ironically Norma never got an abortion, instead she put her child up for adoptionRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1386 Words   |  6 PagesThe struggle between knowing what is right and wrong when speaking about abortion is one that has been controversial for quite a long time. What gives someone the right to say if abortion should legal, while telling the other person there doing the wrong thing with their lives. The personal choice is being taken away from people and is largely an argument based on factors such as a person’s social wellbeing and religious background (BOLCE, L). Along with this â€Å"Factors other than social class andRead MoreAbortion Is A Or Medical Removal Of An Embryo1659 Words   |  7 Pagesdoes n ot begin until birth. The issue of abortion has been the subject of debate for several decades. Religions in Australia have influenced attitudes and laws with regards to this issue in the past. Are the attitudes and involvement of Australian religions in the abortion debate still relevant and do they make a difference? Abortion is a surgical or medical removal of an embryo or a fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy (Dictionary, 2016). Abortion in Australia has always been regulatedRead MoreThe Issue Of Value Of Abortion1558 Words   |  7 Pagesvalued, and an unborn child is no different. Abortion is murder and should be put to an end now. Although one may call an unborn child useless, or out of touch with physical reality, it would be a ghastly mistake to say that an unborn child’s life is of no value. This is type of message that abortion is portraying in society. The word abortion means deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Additionally, the evil of abortion has a negative impact on the quality of the mother’s life thus, diminishingRead MoreAbortion Is An Accepted And Legal Medical Practice853 Words   |  4 PagesThere is widespread debate in American society on whether abortion should be an accepted and legal medical practice. Those who oppose abortion claim that fetuses are human persons with a right to life which must be protected by law, even at the earliest stages after conception. Those who support a woman’s right to choose whether she will carry an infant to term argue that the mother’s rights to bodily autonomy and to decide whether or not to have a child outweigh any rights a fetus might have.Read MoreAbortion: Pro-Choice is the Logical Argument Essay845 Words   |  4 Pagesethicality of abortions has been a hotly debated topic during the past several decades. In the Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade, the Court ruled that women had the constitutional right to seek abortions; however, in 1989, the Court later decided that each state had the right to set its own abortion policy. Heated disagreements and different perspectives have led to the creation of two different movements: the prochoice movement and the prolife movement. The former supports abortion, the intentional

Accounting and Finance Chilean Wine Industry

Question: Describe about the Accounting and Finance for Chilean Wine Industry. Answer: 1. Analyze and evaluate the options to pay staff Merit based pay rise-The merit based pay rise are the rise that is provided to the employees of the company in accordance to the contribution the staff is making in the business. If the employee is getting the raise that is worth $ 200 a year, then the value raised for the next 5 years is $ 10,000 (Spawton 2013). The merit based pay rise can be in the form of bonuses and in the form of the incentives. That is the pay for the performance (Edwards et al. 2013). Pay rise: The pay rise is the rise in the salary that is provided to the staffs and the employees of the company in order to meet their daily needs and adjust their salary with respect to the inflation rate. The company may say that all the employees of the staffs are entitled to the pay rise after providing the service to the company for one year (Bianchi 2015).The pay rise may differ according to the work of the staff. The pay rise of the manager is more than the sales officer. Stake in the equity: The owners of the company may also take the decision of providing the employees the share in the equity of the company (Pezzillo 2016). Therefore, the company is making the employee an owner of the company by providing him/her with a part of the companys share. Share in the profit of the business: The employees can also be provided with a share in the profit of the business. For example, the management may take the decision that if the employee contribution helps the company achieves its target for the year the company will provide 5% of the profit to the employee (Bruwer 2012). 2. Analysis and evaluation of Cash Flow Statement for the year ended 2015: As per the given cash flow statement, it can be seen that, total part of their receipt from customers are spend to pay off the employees and suppliers. Moreover, the receipt from customers was not sufficient to pay off the employees and suppliers, which resulted into negative cash from operations. Amount received from disposal of PPE is only $50000 in 2014, whereas, the purchase of PPE amounted to $500,000 both in the year 2013 and 2014. It further resulted negative cash from investing activities. Only the cash from financing activities are showing some positive cash flow, as $100000 received from the owners and there were no payment for financing activities. Insufficient receipt and various payments obligation resulted into cash deficit for the year and the same result is continuing over the years 2013, 2014 and 2015. The opening balance of cash also could not manage to turn the negative cash balance to positive, as except for 2013, their closing cash balance was also negative. For all the three years, that is, 2013, 2014 and 2015, not a single amount is paid towards debt payment. Moreover, $500,000 additional debt has been acquired in the year 2013. Therefore, there is high chance that this issue may relate to breach the bank covenant. 3. Potential material deviation problems and overcome The important material deviation that is been highlighted is in the cash flow the debt that is taken by the company of $ 50,000, the net profit of the company is falling for the year 2014 and 2015. The problems can be overcome by repaying its liabilities in a short span and by increasing their profitability. While evaluating the cash flow, the material potential issue is that the company has taken an additional debt of in the year 2013 of $ 50,000. The cash and cash equivalents in the cash flow in the year 2013 are positive whereas, in the year 2014 and 2015 are negative that shows that the companys position is not that good. The sales revenue in the year 2014 is rising by approx. 10 percent whereas; in the year 2015 it decreased by approx. 5 percent. Therefore, as compared to the sales revenue the cost of goods sold is increasing in each year. The gross profit for the year 2014 has been increase by 10 percent and in the year 2015 has decreased by 35%. The sales and marketing expenses are increasing continuously for the three years (Hammervoll 2014). The sale channel that should be exited is the local retailers. The retailer shop is 80 kms away from the main city whereas; the sales are less than the expenses the shop has to bear. The staffs that have employed are for the part time purpose (Galati 2016). No full time staffs are been employed in the shop. 4. Evaluation of sale channel: Sales Channel Obstacles Solutions Cellar Door As in winter the sale quantity is very small and that too from few loyal customers, it increases the cost of running the shop and paying the part time staff. The customer can be convinced to purchase on-line during the wintertimeand Heretaunga should assure the customers that they would receive their order on time. To make smooth delivery of on line order, they can engage more supply staff. Local retailers (Including bars and restaurants) To make their wines available locally, they offer extended credit terms and the customers are very slow to make the payment The credit term should be fixed like three months or six months. They may offer discount to the customers who pay before time and there should be penalty fir late payment Pemberley Grocers (a)lower prices are demanded from suppliers with delayed payment terms (b)suppliers are required to bear the expenses related to marketing and advertising (a)As displaying their products in Pemberley Grocer has been useful gain for Heretaunga, they have little scope to negotiate on price issue but they can definitely have the option to discuss the issue related to delayed payment. With discussions to Pemberley, Heretaunga can ask for a fixed payment period (b)If the advertising and marketing related expenses are bear by Pemberley, Heretaunga can save a significant amount. They may offer an initial discount in price for this negotiation. Fitz Wine On Line Low margin of gross profit If Heretaunga increase their ability to sell their wine on time through increasing marketing and advertising of their product, they will need to sell less number of product through on line 5. Analyzed evaluation to pay Agneza Merit based pay rise: Agneza is a wine maker and her wines are getting good reviews from the customers. However, the company is suffering from huge losses. Though in order to provide the merit based pay rise company must have sufficient funds to allocate it amongst the employees. Pay rise: The pay rise is also not possible in this case as the pay rise is adjustable to the inflation rate and provided to the employees. The company is not making sufficient profits that can be analyzed with the help of the financial statements it can be stated that the employers are paid more than what the company is receiving from the customers (Chong 2014). The pay rise is the bad option for the company. Stake in the equity: The owners may provide Agneza with the stake in the company by providing the shares of the company. This would give her the motivation to work for the company as she is been provided with the ownership and the voting rights of the company and in the future the company may do well and provide the shareholders with the good returns. Share in the profit: The Company at present is not making profits so providing this option to Agneza is not fruitful for the company. Therefore, a share in the profits is a bad option. 6. Analysis and evaluation of financial performance: Total equity of Heretaunga has increased from $56,64,104 to $63,60,926 over the year 2013 to 2014. However, the total equity has decreased from $63,60,926 to $63,41,249. The reason behind this was the fall in retained earnings from $35,60,926 to $35,41,249 over the year 2014 to 2015. Trade receivables and inventories of the company is in increasing trend, which is a positive sign and the company is in better position to pay off their debt using their current assets. Bank overdraft of the company is in increasing trend, which states that company is experiencing shortage of cash. Trade payables of the company have increased from $182,572 to $272,712 over the year 2013 to 2014. However, it decreased to $253,479 in the year 2015. it is showing that company is improving its payable position. Non-current borrowing balance is same over the year from 2013 to 2015, which means that though the company has not availed any new borrowing, but at the same time did not made any payments towards non -current borrowing . However, the position of the company stated is as per the financial statement of 2013 to 2015. As the financial statement for the year 2016 is not yet available, current position of the company could not be stated. 7. Issues in the sales channel The four issues in the sales channels are as follows: The revenue earned from the cellar door and the retail sales are low. The revenues from this channel are low and the expenses are high. Therefore, the customers can be provided with the products online because the cost of running the cost of the store is more than that of the revenue. The local retailers provides the long term for the credit period. The solution must be that the credit period must be fixed for example for the fixed period of time say 3 months, 4 months. The pemberley grocers sells premium wine and the marketing expenses are very high. To overcome the problem the company has to reduce its marketing expense. Fitz-wine-on-line: The margin for the gross profit is very low. In case, the company uses efficient marketing and advertising strategies to sell its product and penetrate into the market. Cellar door and local sales: Cellar door is the sale channel that is used by the company where the wine is sold to the local and overseas visitors. The nearest metropolitan centre is 80 km away. The area is the tourist area though it has been seen that the tourist visitors in this area has been decreased and the demand for the wines have been decreased there are very small number of customers that buy the wines from the shop. Pemberley grocers: The Pemberley grocers sell premium food and wine to the retail customers. The suppliers of Pemberley are required to undertake advertising and marketing activities. Pemberley is able to demand lower purchase price from the suppliers and delayed payment terms (Leenders 2013). Fitz-wine-online Fitz- wine-online is an online wine trader with an emphasis on the Australian wine. As a large, independent, online trader, this company has a focus to provide high quality wine at the discounted prices. The advertising cost is not associated with this sales channel and the brand values remains unaffected. This sales channel is used in selling of bulk quantities and with the minimal profits. The strategic and the operations issue that the company faces is the advertising expenses are high. The Gross profit margin of the company is very low and is almost in negative as the sales that the company is generating are less than the expenses that the company is bearing (Garcia 2012). The debt of the company is increasing it means that the company has the liabilities. The sale channel that should be exited is the local retailers. The retailer shop is 80 kms away from the main city whereas; the sales are less than the expenses the shop has to bear. The staffs that have employed are for the part time purpose. No full time staffs are been employed in the shop. 8. Analysis and evaluation of excess demand from Merlot: As the Merlot wine takes three years time from harvesting of grapes to come in the market and its quality is highly dependent on the quality of grapes, Heretaunga is not able to produce Merlot wine in a large quantity and as their demand is also high, they are running out of stock for Merlot wine. The qualities of wine are also dependent on the skill of labors who make the wine. Natural disasters like hailstorm and draughts can also affect the quantity of grapes. Due to all these issues, company could not match the Merlot wines supply with its demand. However, not all the issues could be solved as Heretaunga does not have control over all the issues but there is definitely some scopes to work on some issues and improve them. They can contact with more grapes supplier who have good record of supplying good quality grapes, so that, with more grapes, they can produce more bottles of Merlot wine. Another area where they can improve is to hire more skilled winemakers, so that, wastage wil l be minimized and more bottles can be produced. However, the excess demand of Merlot wine cannot be fulfilled in full but shortage can be minimized to some extent by increasing the production. The production can be increased only when Heretaunga will have sufficient supply of good quality grapes and sufficient number of skilled wine maker available with them. Reference: Bianchi, Constanza. "Consumer brand loyalty in the Chilean wine industry."Journal of Food Products Marketing21, no. 4 (2015): 442-460. Bruwer, Johan, Isabelle Lesschaeve, and Benjamin L. Campbell. "Consumption dynamics and demographics of Canadian wine consumers: Retailing insights from the tasting room channel."Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services19, no. 1 (2012): 45-58. Chong, Sandy. "Business process management for SMEs: an exploratory study of implementation factors for the Australian wine industry."Journal of Information Systems and Small Business1, no. 1-2 (2014): 41-58. Edwards, Frances, and Tony Spawton. "Pricing in the Australian wine industry."International Journal of Wine Marketing(2013). Galati, Antonino, Maria Crescimanno, Salvatore Tinervia, and Dario Siggia. "Website quality and internal business factors: an empirical investigation in the Italian wine industry."International Journal of Wine Business Research28, no. 4 (2016). Garcia, Fernanda A., Martin G. Marchetta, Mauricio Camargo, Laure Morel, and Raymundo Q. Forradellas. "A framework for measuring logistics performance in the wine industry."International Journal of Production Economics135, no. 1 (2012): 284-298. Hammervoll, Trond, Pierre Mora, and Kjell Toften. "The financial crisis and the wine industry: The performance of niche firms versus mass-market firms."Wine Economics and Policy3, no. 2 (2014): 108-114. Leenders, Mark AAM, and Yanto Chandra. "Antecedents and consequences of green innovation in the wine industry: the role of channel structure."Technology Analysis Strategic Management25, no. 2 (2013): 203-218. pezzillo iacono, mario, Vincenza Esposito, Lorenzo Mercurio, and Marcello Martinez. "Bridging business model and inter-organizational coordination mechanisms in the Italian wine industry."Measuring Business Excellence20, no. 4 (2016). Spawton, Tony. "Development in the global alcoholic drinks industry and its implications for the future marketing of wine."International Journal of Wine Marketing(2013).